Computer networks have penetrated all spheres of life in the modern world of connected individuals as a lifeline of communications, business, education and all other activities people carry in their daily lives. Sending an email, streaming video or even carrying out a video call, it is all computer networking. What is computer network and why is it important?
What is a Computer Network?
A computer network is defined as the network in which more than one computer and other technological units and devices are networked to share resources, information, and programs. These gadgets interact with each other through wires or wireless network. The main aim of networking is to facilitate the exchange of information alongside resources effectively.
Types of Computer Networks
Computer networks are categorized according to network size, network purpose and geographical coverage. The most popular ones are:
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
LAN is a type of connection between the computers in the narrow geographical location such as home, school or office building. It is easy to implement and cheap and quick.
2.Wide Area Network (WAN)
WANs cover wide geographical reaches, i.e., cities or countries. The most widespread illustration of WAN is the Internet. It applies routers and public communication links.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. It typically covers a city or a large campus.
4. Personal Area Network (PAN)
It is a mini network that is normally utilized in connecting individual systems such as smartphones, laptops and tablets at a distance of a few meters.
Components of a Computer Network
A computer network is formed by the cooperation of several hardware and software parts:
- Router: Forwards a data across a network to another network.
- Switch: Bridges gadgets on a LAN, and controls data traffic.
- Modem: makes digital data converts it to signal ready to be transmitted.
- Network Interface Card (NIC): Allows a computer to have access to a network.
- Cables and Wireless Media: These are engaged in physical flow of information.
Network Topologies
Topology can be defined as the structure of the network in terms of devices. In the principal forms, there are:
- Bus Topology: All the devices have a common communication line.
- Star Topology: All the devices connect into a common center.
- Ring Topology: The devices connected are in a circular way.
- Mesh Topology: All devices are connected with all other devices.
- Hybrid Topology: It is based on the combination of two or more topologies.
Importance of Computer Networks
Resource Sharing:
Files, printers, internet connection and software can be shared simultaneously on different users with the help of networks.
Communication:
Video conferencing, email and instant messages are computer network-based programming.
Wide Area Data Management:
Centralized storage of data, accessibility and management are made easy through networks.
Cost Efficiency:
The information sharing lowers the usage cost of Software and hardware.
Remote Access:
They allow the user to work on files and applications remotely, and allow multiple users to collaborate across wide distances.
Internet: The Global Network
The Internet represents a huge network of networks. It inter-relates millions of privately owned, governmental, academic, business and public networks across the world. It facilitates the services, which include the World Wide Web, email, file sharing as well as online communication.
Network Security
With networks comes the risks which also increase. It is essential to guard information against system attacks and unauthorized use. Security is in such form:
- Firewalls to filter out the unauthorized traffic.
- Antivirus to help identify and delete malware.
- Data encryption to protect data when conducting it.
- The use of authentication tools such as biometrics, user names, and passwords.
Future of Networking
The networks are getting smarter, faster and more reliable with the advent of networks such as 5G, fiber optic and cloud computing. The Internet of Things (IoT), or the ability to connect devices previously found in common households (refrigerators, watches, cars, etc.) to the internet, is changing the way we live and work.
Conclusion
Computer networks have changed communications, interactions, and associations. As an individual and industries around the world, networks are essential in our digital life. Technology will progressively change and widen the role of networking with reference to its significance and thus, this niche will become a vital component of our future.